Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40868730›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Point-of-Injury Treatment with Hydrogel Containing Dexamethasone Improves Cognitive Function and Reduces Secondary Injury Response After TBI.

Claire E Jones, Bradley Elliott, Fuying Ma, Zachary Bailey, Janice Gilsdorf, Anke H Scultetus, Deborah Shear, Ken Webb, Jeoung Soo Lee

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Claire E JonesDrug Design, Development and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6710-5307
Bradley ElliottDrug Design, Development and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Fuying MaDrug Design, Development and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Zachary BaileyBrain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Janice GilsdorfBrain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Anke H ScultetusBrain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Deborah ShearBrain Trauma Neuroprotection Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Ken WebbMicroEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Jeoung Soo LeeDrug Design, Development and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6277-0922

Funding

Transnational Research Imaging Core (TRI)P30GM131959 · NIGMS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI VYAVAHARE, NAREN R · 2019 to 2023
$5.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM131959US Army USAMRMC H_002_2020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is hindered by progressive neurodegeneration resulting from neuroinflammation and other secondary injury processes. Dexamethasone (DX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been shown to reduce inflammation, but its systemic administration can cause a myriad of other medical issues. We aim to provide a local, sustained treatment of DX for TBI. Previously, we demonstrated that PEG-bis-AA/HA-DXM hydrogels composed of polyethyleneglycol-bis-(acryloyloxy acetate) (PEG-bis-AA) and dexamethasone-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA-DXM) reduced secondary injury and improved motor functional recovery at 7 days post-injury (DPI) in a rat moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI model. In this study, we evaluated the effect of PEG-bis-AA/HA-DXM hydrogel on cognitive function and secondary injury at 14 DPI. Immediately after injury, hydrogel disks were placed on the surface of the injured cortex. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris Water Maze test, and secondary injury was evaluated by histological analysis. The hydrogel treatment group demonstrated significantly shorter latency to target, decreased distance to find the hidden target, increased number of target crossings, increased number of entries to the platform zone, and decreased latency to first entry of target zone compared to untreated TBI rats for probe test. We also observed reduced lesion volume, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in the hydrogel treatment group compared to the untreated TBI group.

Indexed as

cognitive function recoverydexamethasonePEG-bis-AA/HA-DXM hydrogelsecondary injurytraumatic brain injury (TBI)

Identifiers

PMID40868730
PMCPMC12385603

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.