Redox-Active Anthraquinone-1-Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt-Loaded Polyaniline for Dual-Functional Electrochromic Supercapacitors.

Yi Wang, Enkai Lin, Ze Wang, Tong Feng, An Xie

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yi WangKey Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.

Enkai LinKey Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.

Ze WangKey Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.

Tong FengSchool of Mechanical Electrical and Information Engineering, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China.

An XieKey Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.

Funding

the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen 3502Z202372049

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrochromic (EC) devices are gaining increasing attention for next-generation smart windows and low-power displays due to their reversible color modulation, low operating voltage, and flexible form factors. Recently, electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs) have emerged as a promising class of multifunctional systems, enabling simultaneous energy storage and real-time visual monitoring. In this study, we report a flexible dual-functional EESD constructed using polyaniline (PANI) films doped with anthraquinone-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQS), coupled with a redox-active PVA-based gel electrolyte also incorporating AQS. The incorporation of AQS into both the polymer matrix and the gel electrolyte introduces synergistic redox activity, facilitating bidirectional Faradaic reactions at the film-electrolyte interface and within the bulk gel phase. The resulting vertically aligned PANI-AQS nanoneedle films provide high surface area and efficient ion pathways, while the AQS-doped gel electrolyte contributes to enhanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability. The device exhibits rapid and reversible color switching from light green to deep black (within 2 s), along with a high areal capacitance of 194.2 mF·cm

Indexed as

anthraquinone-1-sulfonic acid sodium saltelectrochromicpolyanilineredox gel electrolytesupercapacitor

Identifiers

PMID40868699

DOI10.3390/gels11080568

PMCPMC12385569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.