ReviewBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Functional Carbon-Based Materials for Blood Purification: Recent Advances Toward Improved Treatment of Renal Failure and Patient Quality of Life.
Review in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of hemoperfusion plus hemodialysis on uremic toxins and anemia in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Functional Nanostructured Carbon Honeycomb Monoliths for Hemoadsorption: Preliminary Studies on Biocompatibility, Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins and Inflammatory Cytokines Elimination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Camphor's Therapeutic Uses and Potential Hazards: An In-Depth Review of Its Medicinal Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The accumulation of blood toxins, including urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, p-cresyl sulfate, and indoxyl sulfate, poses severe health risks for patients with renal failure. Effective removal strategies are essential to mitigate complications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and improve patient outcomes. Functional carbon-based materials, such as activated carbon (activated charcoal) and graphene oxide, have emerged as promising adsorbents due to their large surface area, adjustable porosity, and biocompatibility. This review comprehensively explores the latest advancements in carbon-based materials for blood purification across three key therapeutic modalities: (1) Hemoperfusion, where activated and modified carbonaceous materials enhance the adsorption of small-molecule and protein-bound toxins; (2) Hemodialysis, where functionalized carbon materials improve clearance rates and reduce treatment duration; and (3) Oral Therapeutics, where orally administered carbon adsorbents show potential in lowering systemic toxin levels in CKD patients. Furthermore, we present a comparative analysis of these approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and future research directions for optimizing carbon-based detoxification strategies. The findings discussed in this review emphasize the significance of material engineering in advancing blood purification technologies. By enhancing the efficiency of toxin removal, carbon-based materials have the potential to revolutionize renal failure treatment, offering improved clinical outcomes and enhanced patient quality of life.
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Registered trials
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