Quasi-3D Mechanistic Model for Predicting Eye Drop Distribution in the Human Tear Film.

Harsha T Garimella, Carly Norris, Carrie German, Andrzej Przekwas, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin, Ming-Liang Tan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Harsha T GarimellaBiomedical, Energy, and Materials Division, CFD Research Corporation, 6820 Moquin Drive NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.

Carly NorrisBiomedical, Energy, and Materials Division, CFD Research Corporation, 6820 Moquin Drive NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.

Carrie GermanBiomedical, Energy, and Materials Division, CFD Research Corporation, 6820 Moquin Drive NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0550-3603

Andrzej PrzekwasBiomedical, Energy, and Materials Division, CFD Research Corporation, 6820 Moquin Drive NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.

Ross WalengaDivision of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

Andrew BabiskinDivision of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

Ming-Liang TanDivision of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

Funding

US Food and Drug Administration HHSF223201810151C

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Topical drug administration is a common method of delivering medications to the eye to treat various ocular conditions, including glaucoma, dry eye, and inflammation. Drug efficacy following topical administration, including the drug's distribution within the eye, absorption and elimination rates, and physiological responses can be predicted using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. High-resolution computational models of the eye are desirable to improve simulations of drug delivery; however, these approaches can have long run times. In this study, a fast-running computational quasi-3D (Q3D) model of the human tear film was developed to account for absorption, blinking, drainage, and evaporation. Visualization of blinking mechanics and flow distributions throughout the tear film were enabled using this Q3D approach. Average drug absorption throughout the tear film subregions was quantified using a high-resolution compartment model based on a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Simulations were validated by comparing them with experimental data from topical administration of 0.1% dexamethasone suspension in the tear film (R

Indexed as

blinkingdexamethasonedrainageeye dropfast-runningquasi-3Dtear film

Identifiers

PMID40868337

DOI10.3390/bioengineering12080825

PMCPMC12383929

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.