ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Influence of Seasonality and Pollution on the Presence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in a Tropical Urban River.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The mobile resistome in the water-soil-air nexus: horizontal gene transfer and environmental dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Review
- Whole-Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis ofVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Assessing the Ecological Roles of Resistomes within Microbial Communities in Antibiotic-contaminated Ecosystems.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence for early detection and risk prediction of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic ecosystems.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThis study examines how seasonality, pollution, and sample type (water and sediment) influence the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with a focus on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) located on plasmids (the complete set of plasmid-derived sequences, including ARGs) in a tropical urban river.
methodsSamples were collected from three sites along a pollution gradient in the Virilla River, Costa Rica, during three seasonal campaigns (wet 2021, dry 2022, and wet 2022). ARGs in water and sediment were quantified by qPCR, and metagenomic sequencing was applied to analyze chromosomal and plasmid-associated resistance profiles in sediments. Tobit and linear regression models, along with multivariate ordination, were used to assess spatial and seasonal trends.
resultsDuring the wet season of 2021, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as
conclusionsSeasonality and pollution gradients jointly shape ARG dynamics in this tropical river. Plasmid-mediated resistance responds rapidly to environmental change and is enriched at polluted sites, while sediments serve as long-term reservoirs. These findings support the use of plasmid-based monitoring for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in aquatic systems.
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