ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Efflux-Mediated Resistance in
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Liposome-Mediated Bacterial Ferroptosis-like Death: A Novel Paradigm for Antimicrobial Therapy.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Strategies to Encounter Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): From Lariocidin to Gene Editing and Nanotechnology-Based Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Polyphasic Characterization of Acetobacter indonesiensis UNPADCC 01-5 Isolated From a Traditional Fermented Food, Oncom Merah.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- NV716 acts as an envelope-active adjuvant that enhances antibiotic accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Breaking resistance: strategies for novel antibacterial therapeutic interventions.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Mechanisms ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Bacterial secondary metabolites as resistance-modifying adjuvants: microbial origins, molecular mechanisms, and translational relevance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- A review of research progress on periplasmic adaptor proteins in bacterial tripartite pumps.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine against antimicrobial resistance: mechanistic insights and next-generation therapeutic potential.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Exploring allosteric efflux pump inhibitors and the role of bacterial membrane potential in modulating drug resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Thymol and Limonene as Potent Antimicrobials: Bridging In Vitro Efficacy and Molecular Docking Insights.International journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Breaking the outer membrane barrier: structure, targets, and antimicrobial strategies for Gram-negative bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- HflX mediates rifampicin resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Salmonellosis as a One Health-One Biofilm Challenge: Biofilm Formation byPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Seasonal and Extraction-Dependent Variation in the Composition and Bioactivity of Essential Oils from WildMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Efflux is one of the key mechanisms used by Gram-negative bacteria to reduce internal antibiotic concentrations. These active transport systems recognize and expel a wide range of toxic molecules, including antibiotics, thereby contributing to reduced antibiotic susceptibility and allowing the bacteria to acquire additional resistance mechanisms. To date, unlike other resistance mechanisms such as enzymatic modification or target mutations/masking, efflux is challenging to detect and counteract in clinical settings, and no standardized methods are currently available to diagnose or inhibit this mechanism effectively. This review first outlines the structural and functional features of major efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance. It then explores various strategies used to curb their activity, with a particular focus on efflux pump inhibitors under development, detailing their structural classes, modes of action, and pharmacological potential. We discuss the main obstacles to their development, including the structural complexity and substrate promiscuity of efflux mechanisms, the limitations of current screening methods, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution issues, and the risk of off-target toxicity. Overcoming these multifactorial barriers is essential to the rational development of less efflux-prone antibiotics or of efflux pump inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.