Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40867183›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2025

Comparing Immersive and Non-Immersive VR: Effects on Spatial Learning and Aesthetic Experience in Museum Settings.

Laura Piccardi, Marcello Massidda, Laura Travaglini, Sofia Pescarin, Marco Giancola, Massimiliano Palmiero, Matteo Deflorian, Sabrina Apollaro, Roberta Lista, Raffaella Nori

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In one paragraph

Article in Brain sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Laura PiccardiDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1322-5538
Marcello MassiddaInstitute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Laura TravagliniInstitute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-9055-4344
Sofia PescarinInstitute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9529-7083
Marco GiancolaDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4616-3687
Massimiliano PalmieroDepartment of Communication Sciences, Università of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2051-0126
Matteo DeflorianDepartment of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Sabrina ApollaroDepartment of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Roberta ListaDepartment of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Raffaella NoriDepartment of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0629-5802

Funding

This work has been partially funded by Project PE 0000020 CHANGES - CUP B53C22003780006, NRP Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3, Funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU Project PE 0000020 CHANGES - CUP B53C22003780006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe use of virtual reality (VR) solutions in design has rapidly increased globally. However, it remains unclear to what extent these technologies enhance people's cognitive abilities. Understanding the impact of such technologies is essential for assessing their validity and effectiveness. In this controlled study, we investigated how HMD and non-immersive VR museum environments affect the ability to learn about the environment and the perception of the experience.

methodsA total of 87 college students (46 females) were randomly assigned to either HMD or non-immersive VR museum environments. Subsequently, they had to answer questions related to the sense of immersion and pleasantness of the museum experience, as well as their willingness to repeat similar museum experiences.

resultsThe results indicated that the HMD setting was preferred for its greater sense of immersion, pleasantness, and intention to repeat a similar experience.

conclusionsThe data are discussed in the context of fostering appreciation and promoting the preservation of cultural heritage.

Indexed as

aesthetic appreciationcomputer-based environmentsense of immersionsociodemographic differencesspatial learningvirtual exploration

Identifiers

PMID40867183
PMCPMC12384383

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.