Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40866945›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

Evaluating the effects of a conditioning training paradigm on loneliness, socio-affective processing, and brain connectivity: a study protocol of a two-arm randomised controlled trial.

Nichol M L Wong, Tatia M C Lee

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06521099 (A Novel Conditioning Approach to Counter Loneliness in Adults), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06521099 narecruitingnot on this map

A Novel Conditioning Approach to Counter Loneliness in Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorEducation University of Hong KongRan2025 to 2026Enrolled136ConditionsLonelinessArmsEvaluative Conditioning with positive stimuli, Conditioning with neutral stimuli
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Nichol M L WongDepartment of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. nmlwong@eduhk.hk.
Tatia M C LeeState Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. tmclee@hku.hk.

Funding

Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund 17609623
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLoneliness has become a global epidemic and is a significant threat to people's health. Existing interventions for loneliness often attempt to increase opportunities for social activities, but results are mixed. Here, we will use a two-arm randomised controlled trial and evaluate the effects of a novel training paradigm grounded in the principles of evaluative conditioning to change their socio-affective processing, brain connectivity, and reduce loneliness.

methodsWe aim to recruit 180 lonely individuals and randomly allocate them into either the evaluative conditioning group or the control group. They will receive six 30-minute training sessions online over the course of three weeks. Behavioural and MRI assessments will be conducted at baseline, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. The primary outcomes will be self-reported loneliness and implicit loneliness. Secondary outcomes will include functional brain connectivity, emotional processing and social motivation, anxiety and depression levels, emotional state and reactivity, social network, and social support. We will investigate the intervention effects and evaluate whether emotional processing and brain connectivity are the mediators. DISCUSSION: This study will provide important evidence for the intervention effects of conditioning on loneliness at both behavioural and neural levels, contributing to the development of a real-life loneliness intervention model.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06521099. Registered on July 2024.

Indexed as

BrainLonelinessAdultEmotionsFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSocial SupportYoung AdultBrain connectivityConditioningLonelinessRandomised controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID40866945
PMCPMC12392565

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.