ArticleBMC public health2025
Financial development, public health financing, and health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Environmental, financial, and macroeconomic determinants of life expectancy in E7 economies.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mobilizing the banking sector for universal health coverage: a new frontier for public-private partnerships.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress among patients with chronic comorbidity attending outpatient clinics in Addis Ababa during the COVID-19 pandemic.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- A Decisive Decade for Cardiovascular Health in Africa: Turning Evidence into System Design.Global heart · 2026Review
- Assessing health service satisfaction among beneficiaries in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study to inform healthcare improvement.BMC health services research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis paper examines the effect of multi-dimensional financial development on health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study decomposes financial development into access, depth, and efficiency and tests their separate effects on health outcomes. The paper also examines the interaction effect of public health spending and financial development on health outcomes.
methodsThis paper is based on panel data for forty-five countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) collected from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) over the period 2000-2021. This study adopts the 2-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) as the estimation technique to examine the relationships among the variables. This robust approach is chosen to effectively address potential issues of endogeneity, reverse causality, and unobserved country-specific heterogeneity inherent in the relationship between financial development and health outcomes.
resultsThe findings show that improvement in financial development measures improves health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The findings further show that, in SSA, higher out-of-pocket expenses lead to worsening health outcomes. The relationship between financial development and health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa is strongly moderated by public health financing and out-of-pocket medical expenses, suggesting important synergistic and mitigating effects.
conclusionsThe findings imply that financial development, public health financing, and out-of-pocket health expenditure are critical when it comes to improving health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. To lower infant and maternal mortality rates and raise life expectancy, policymakers must implement targeted actions to strengthen the financial system and lower household out-of-pocket medical expenses whilst increasing public health financing. These findings guide health policy formulation for the improvement of health outcomes in SSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.