ArticleScientific reports2025
Immune factors produced by PBMCs upon stimulation with lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1-derived exopolysaccharides inhibit HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 replication.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probiotic Bacteria in Stimulating Human Physiological Responses: Metabolic Function and Overall Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic entered a controllable phase due to vaccine and drug development. The development of defense strategies of enhancing host innate immunity remains imperative to counter the emergence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 (OLL1073R-1)-derived exopolysaccharides (R-1 EPS), a natural immunomodulator, against coronaviral infection. The inhibitory effect of R-1 EPS on HCoV-229E was evaluated first and subsequently extended to SARS-CoV-2. Cell culture supernatant was obtained by stimulating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with R-1 EPS (R-1 sup), and the inhibitory effect of R-1 sup on coronaviruses was evaluated using the human lung cell line, MRC5. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines were detected in R-1 sup, and replication of both HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 was significantly suppressed in MRC5 cells pretreated with R-1 sup. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that type I IFN signaling was upregulated in R-1 sup-treated MRC5 cells. Our results suggest that immune factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, in R-1 sup, enhance type I IFN response, resulting in an inhibitory effect on both HCoV-229E and SARA-CoV-2. Although this study is an in vitro investigation and requires further in vivo validation, the findings provide a scientific basis for the application of OLL1073R-1 and R-1 EPS as preventive strategies against HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.