ArticleScientific reports2025
Hydrophobic silanes-modified nano-SiO₂ reinforced polyurethane nanocoatings with superior scratch resistance, gloss retention, and metal adhesion.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Silica-boron composite nanoparticles: from architecture to mechanical performance.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Ultrasonic-Assisted Silanization of SiOACS omega · 2026Article
- Silane-Modified ZIF-8/PDMS Mixed Matrix Membranes for Sorption-Selective Furfural Recovery via Pervaporation.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Highly transparent coatings with scratch-resistant properties have garnered significant attention in both scientific research and practical applications. In this study, a high-gloss, scratch-resistant, and hydrophobic polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite topcoat was fabricated. To achieve enhanced hydrophobicity, nanosilica (NS) particles were surface-functionalized using two cost-effective silane coupling agents (i.e., octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES)) with varying silane concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of stoichiometric content) to maximize grafting efficiency. The surface-modified nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, TGA, and XRD. The water contact angle (WCA) measurements reveal a clear hydrophobicity trend where VTES-modified NS (1% optimal concentration, 135°) exhibits superior water-repellency compared to OTES-modified (5% optimal concentration, 107°) and unmodified NS (52°), demonstrating the effectiveness of vinyl-group functionalization in enhancing surface hydrophobicity. Both pristine and silanized nanoparticles were incorporated into the PU topcoat at 1, 3, and 5wt%, and their effects on gloss, mechanical properties (hardness and scratch resistance), and steel substrate adhesion were evaluated. Notably, the scratch resistance of the PU coating improved by 25% with 5wt% OTES-modified NS and 37.5% with 1 wt% VTES-modified NS, compared to coatings with unmodified NS. WCA measurements show that the pure PU surface has a contact angle of 34°, which decreases to 5° with NS, increases to 91° with OTES-modified NS, and reaches 111° with VTES-modified NS, highlighting the progressive enhancement of hydrophobicity. Nano-scratch testing further revealed that the modified coatings delayed crack initiation, enhancing metal surface durability. This approach also demonstrates scalability for industrial applications, as evidenced by the successful fabrication of automotive topcoat prototypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.