ArticleScientific reports2025
Synthesis and characterization of bio-based eco-friendly biofilm composites reinforced with waste eggshell powder.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of biomass base ecofriendly biofilm composites reinforced with waste eggshells, utilizing biowaste materials as sources of starch and plasticizer, with eggshells serving as a filler to enhance overall material properties. Reusing biowaste is important in reducing environmental waste and promoting sustainable practices. Findings reveal that increasing eggshell content from 15 to 60% significantly reduces moisture absorption from 18.75 ± 0.02% to 5.31 ± 0.04%, while tensile strength declines from 8.18 ± 0.02 to 5.17 ± 0.02 MPa at constant glycerol levels. In contrast, glycerol enhances moisture retention, increasing absorbance from 18.75 ± 0.02% to 20.15 ± 0.02% as glycerol concentration rises from 5 to 20% in a 15% eggshell composite. The optimal biodegradability was achieved with a plasticizer concentration of 10% and a filler (clay) content of 30%, resulting in a degradation rate of 78.25 ± 0.01%. The eggshell at 30% and glycerol at 5% achieve a degradation rate of 87.31 ± 0.03%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveal that the composites exhibit superior thermal stability, making them suitable for diverse applications. This research highlights the environmental benefits of biowaste materials, trade-offs in material performance, the need for moisture management in packaging, and enhancements from waste starch and plasticizer. These results underscore the potential for creating sustainable and functional composites through utilizing and reusing biowaste materials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.