ArticleBMJ global health2025
The relationship between rural residence and cervical cancer screening in three sub-Saharan countries with different national screening policies.
Article in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Congenital Heart Defect Screening Among Children with Down Syndrome in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo compare cervical cancer screening prevalence between urban and rural women aged 30-49 years in three sub-Saharan African countries chosen by their country-specific screening strategy (Burkina Faso, which has a systematic population-based cervical cancer screening programme in place; Tanzania, where opportunistic screening options only are implemented; and Ghana, which has implemented neither one).
methodsWe used the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys data from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Tanzania. We restricted our analysis to women aged 30-49 eligible for cervical cancer screening and categorised them by their place of residence as urban or rural. We calculated screening proportions using country-specific survey weights to estimate the absolute prevalence difference in cervical cancer screening between urban/rural residents.
resultsRural participants represented 69.5% in Burkina Faso, 64.6% in Tanzania and 42.8% in Ghana. Burkina Faso women reported higher cervical cancer screening prevalence at 19.9%, and Ghana participants reported the lowest at 7.4%. Compared with urban participants, rural women screened less across countries, with an absolute prevalence difference in screening wider in Tanzania at 13.1% (95% CI 10.6% to 15.7%), followed by Burkina Faso at 11.1% (95% CI 7.7% to 14.6%) and narrower in Ghana at 5.9% (95% CI 4.1% to 7.7%).
conclusionWe found a consistently low screening uptake and a screening prevalence gap disfavouring rural women from these three sub-Saharan African countries, with the narrowest urban/rural gap in Ghana and the widest in Tanzania, which has a large opportunistic cervical cancer screening programme. Our findings offer no indication of a potential benefit of having a systematic screening programme as a tool that can mitigate the screening gap between urban and rural populations. Further screening uptake studies, including more countries, are needed on this topic, which should account for the existing country-specific non-screening related factors in the healthcare system that may influence cervical cancer screening uptake.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.