Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864904›Full record

SynthesisParasite (Paris, France)2025

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and infection risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Wenjie Tian, Yuhua Li, Yani Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Yiran Qin, Yalin Han, Dongxian Li, Shuai Wang, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Parasite (Paris, France), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Wenjie Tian *Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Yuhua Li *Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Yani ZhangDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Yiming ZhangDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Yiran QinDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Yalin HanDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Dongxian LiDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Shuai WangDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Zhenke YangDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Xiaowei TianDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Xuefang MeiDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
Zhenchao ZhangDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.

Funding

Doctoral Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Xinxiang Medical University XYBSKYZZ202140 and XYBSKYZZ201631National Natural Science Foundation of China 81802028Opening Foundation of Shangqiu Medical College KFKT23007Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Higher Education of Henan Province 25HASTIT051Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province 2023GGJS104
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trichomoniasis is a globally prevalent sexually transmitted disease; however, comprehensive data on its global prevalence and incidence are relatively limited. In this study, we systematically retrieved relevant articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ovid-Medline, and Web of Science to analyze the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and its association with various infection risk factors. Among 5,437 publications released between 1992 and 2023, 425 articles focusing on the epidemiology of T. vaginalis were identified. The results revealed a global prevalence rate of T. vaginalis of 8% (95% CI: 7%-10%), with country-specific rates ranging from 1% to 35%. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was significantly higher in the behavioral subgroups, including smoking, drug use, and not using condoms, compared to the non-infection group, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.67 (95% CI: 1.39-2.0). Furthermore, the prevalence of T. vaginalis was significantly higher in the group with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, HSV, and Chlamydia infection compared to the non-infection group, with a pooled OR of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.48-2.72). Finally, socioeconomic factors such as being unmarried, having a low income, and unstable employment were associated with an increased risk of T. vaginalis infection, with a pooled OR of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10-1.66). This study has significant public health relevance for the prevention and control of trichomoniasis.

Indexed as

Trichomonas InfectionsTrichomonas vaginalisTrichomonas VaginitisFemaleGlobal HealthHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsSexually Transmitted DiseasesSocioeconomic FactorsPrevalenceRisk factorsSystematic reviewT. vaginalis

Identifiers

PMID40864904
PMCPMC12386857

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.