ArticlePsychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology2025
Linguistic Analysis of Patients' Labels During 3MDR Psychotherapy.
Article in Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- 3MDR: From rehabilitation technology to a transformative trauma therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This study explores the role of linguistic labels expressed by patients during Motion-assisted Multi-modal Memory Desensitisation and Reconsolidation (3MDR) therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Labels represent a patient's key emotional, cognitive, and physical reactions to images associated with traumatic experiences. By analyzing labels, the goal is to provide insights into their progress throughout the therapeutic process. Methods: Data were collected from 6 patients who underwent 3MDR therapy across 6 sessions. A total of 1060 labels associated with trauma-related images were analyzed, with 91.3% of the data included after excluding irrelevant or ambiguous responses. Patient-generated labels were categorized and analyzed based on emotional tone, somatosensory processes, verb tense, and word count. The Friedman test was used to perform the statistical analysis. In case of significance, further comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The linguistic analysis revealed observable trends in patient progress. Use of present verb tense increased, indicating a shift towards present-moment awareness. Sentence word count also steadily increased, reflecting patients' improved ability to articulate their emotions. Results of positive and negative emotional tone, past and future verb tense usage, somatosensory processes, and single words were not significant, suggesting that further exploration of these aspects with a larger dataset could give further insights into their importance. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that linguistic analysis of patient-generated labels during 3MDR therapy can offer valuable insights into patient progress. The findings suggest that as therapy progresses, patients become more expressive and articulate, and are able to live more in the present. Further research with larger datasets is recommended to better understand the role of language in PTSD therapy and its potential for predicting therapeutic outcomes.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.