Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864734›Full record

ReviewCurrent issues in molecular biology2025

From Amyloid to Synaptic Dysfunction: Biomarker-Driven Insights into Alzheimer's Disease.

Luisa Agnello, Caterina Maria Gambino, Anna Maria Ciaccio, Francesco Cacciabaudo, Davide Massa, Anna Masucci, Martina Tamburello, Roberta Vassallo, Mauro Midiri, Concetta Scazzone and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current issues in molecular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Luisa AgnelloInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Caterina Maria GambinoInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Anna Maria CiaccioDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Francesco CacciabaudoInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Davide MassaInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Anna MasucciInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Martina TamburelloInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Roberta VassalloInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Mauro MidiriForensic Medicine Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-1342-1890
Concetta ScazzoneInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7424-8066
Marcello CiaccioInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6120-9041

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and represents a major public health challenge. With increasing life expectancy, the incidence of AD has also increased, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and improved monitoring. Traditionally, diagnosis has relied on clinical symptoms and neuroimaging; however, the introduction of biomarkers has revolutionized disease assessment. Traditional biomarkers, including the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, phosphorylated tau (p-Tau181, p-Tau217, and p-Tau231), total tau (t-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), are fundamental for staging AD progression. Updated guidelines introduced the ATX(N) model, which extends biomarker classification to include additional promising biomarkers, such as SNAP-25, YKL-40, GAP-43, VILIP-1, progranulin (PGRN), TREM2, IGF-1, hFABP, MCP-1, TDP-43, and BDNF. Recent advancements have allowed for the detection of these biomarkers not only in CSF but also in plasma and neuron-derived exosomes, offering less invasive and more accessible diagnostic options. This review explores established and emerging biomarkers and emphasizes their roles in early diagnosis, patient stratification, and precision medicine.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseaseATX(N) frameworkbiomarkersbloodCSFdiagnostic criteriaplasma

Identifiers

PMID40864734
PMCPMC12384784

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.