Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864699›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Smarter biopsy decisions in thyroid nodules via dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging.

Junho Ahn, Jaekyung Lee, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Chan Kwon Jung, Minseong Kim, Wonseok Choi, Byullee Park, Dong-Jun Lim, Chulhong Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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  14. A Hybrid Diffusion Model Enhances Multiparametric 3D Photoacoustic Computed Tomography.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Junho AhnDepartment of Convergence IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0009-0008-1821-7773
Jaekyung LeeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-7449-3683
Kwangsoon KimDepartment of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6403-6035
Ja Seong BaeDepartment of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-6271-2105
Chan Kwon JungDepartment of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6843-3708
Minseong KimDepartment of Convergence IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Wonseok ChoiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-7239-1237
Byullee ParkDepartment of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-2949-1419
Dong-Jun LimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-0995-6482
Chulhong KimDepartment of Convergence IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-7249-1257

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thyroid nodules are primarily diagnosed using ultrasound imaging (USI), but its low specificity leads to unnecessary fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs). In particular, USI's limited ability to differentiate follicular neoplasms from benign nodules contributes to suboptimal biopsy decision-making. We propose a dual-modal imaging approach that combines multiparametric photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and USI to support smarter biopsy decisions. In 106 patients with 29 benign nodules, 45 papillary thyroid carcinomas, and 32 follicular neoplasms, three PAI-derived parameters-the photoacoustic spectral gradient, oxygen saturation, and skewness of the oxygen saturation distribution-were combined using a support vector machine. Following USI-based American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, they were used to develop the ATA-Photoacoustic (ATAP) scoring system. The ATAP score achieved 97% sensitivity and 38% specificity in distinguishing nodules requiring FNAB. Our approach enabled better identification of benign nodules, reducing unnecessary FNAB in 11 of the 29 benign cases. This dual-modal strategy can assess thyroid nodules, effectively reducing unnecessary biopsies while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy.

Indexed as

Photoacoustic TechniquesThyroid NeoplasmsThyroid NoduleAdultAgedBiopsy, Fine-NeedleFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUltrasonography

Identifiers

PMID40864699
PMCPMC12383246

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.