Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864616›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

The declining mental health of the young and the global disappearance of the unhappiness hump shape in age.

David G Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, Xiaowei Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

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  17. Pilot Testing an Ecotherapy Program for Adolescence: Initial Findings and Methodological Reflections.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

David G BlanchflowerDepartment of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-7039
Alex BrysonSocial Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-2010
Xiaowei XuInstitute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Across many studies subjective well-being has followed a U-shape in age, declining until people reach middle-age, only to rebound subsequently. Ill-being has followed a mirror-imaged hump-shape. Using graphical and regression analyses of repeat cross-sectional micro-data from the United States and the United Kingdom, we show this empirical regularity has been replaced by a monotonic decrease in ill-being by age. The reason for the change is the deterioration in young people's mental health both absolutely and relative to older people. Pooling Global Minds data across 44 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, over the period 2020-2025 we confirm that ill-being is no longer hump-shaped in age but now decreases in age. JEL Codes: I31; I38.

Indexed as

AgingHappinessMental HealthAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited KingdomUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40864616
PMCPMC12385385

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.