ArticleOphthalmology and therapy2025
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Blindness due to Diabetic Retinopathy, 1990-2021.
Article in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ocular gene therapy targeting retinal angiogenesis and vascular leakage: translational and clinical evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Angiogenesis · 2026Pooled it
- The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type-2 diabetes in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Pooled it
- The Diabetes Complications in Senior Adults (DCSA) Study: A Scoping Review and a National Case Analysis from Northern Ireland, UK on Ocular Complications in Adults Aged 80 and over Living with Diabetes.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Microaneurysm segmentation in early diabetic retinopathy: a localized patch-based U-Net approach to overcome microscopic lesion oversight.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- A clinically interpretable machine learning model for early detection of diabetic retinopathy in multiple community health centers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association Between Cardiometabolic Index and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Patient Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening at an Urban US Medical Center.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Diabetes: A Subspecialty of Medicine and a Matter of Public Health.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study aimed to analyze the patterns and trends in the burden of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy (DR) from 1990 to 2021 at the global, regional, and national levels.
methodsWe conducted a population-based analysis using the latest data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We examined the prevalence and number of cases of DR-related blindness stratified by type of diabetes, sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI) level. The trends in the blindness burden were quantified via the average annual percentage changes. A decomposition analysis was performed to identify key drivers of the changing burden. A Bayesian age‒period‒cohort model was used to predict the future burden of DR-related blindness from 2022 to 2035.
resultsGlobally, the number of people blind due to DR increased by 326.0% from 1990 to 2021, with the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) increasing from 7.59 to 15.28 per 100,000 population. Regionally, Tropical Latin America had the highest ASPR in 2021, whereas South Asia and East Asia had the greatest number of prevalent cases. Nationally, India and China had the highest number of prevalent cases in 2021, whereas Marshall Islands reported the highest ASPR. In 2021, the middle SDI group had the greatest number of patients who became blind due to DR. Decomposition analysis revealed that the increased global burden between 1990 and 2021 was driven by population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes. Predictions suggest the burden will continue to rise through 2035.
conclusionsThe global burden of DR-related blindness has increased significantly over the past three decades, with notable disparities across regions, countries, and SDI groups. More efforts should be made to mitigate the growing impact of DR-related blindness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.