Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864393›Full record

Observational studyIndian pediatrics2026

Cognitive Functions and Behavioral Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates in Middle Childhood.

Kanya Mukhopadhyay, Rajni Sharma, Jaivinder Yadav

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Indian pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kanya MukhopadhyayNeonatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. kanyapgi@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-1864-3114
Rajni SharmaChild Psychology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Jaivinder YadavNeonatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the cognitive and behavioral outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) as compared to normal birth weight (NBW) neonates in middle childhood.

methodsIn this observational study, the first 50 VLBW (≤ 1250 g) children from an original cohort of 2009-2011, who agreed to participate, and 50 age and sex-matched NBW children were assessed at 6-11 years age. Cognitive function, behavior, psychopathology, self-concept, adjustment and memory parameters were assessed by a certified psychologist using Malin's Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC), Childhood Psychopathology Measurement Schedule, Children's Self-concept Scale, Preadolescent Adjustment Inventory, and PGI Memory Scale for Children (PGIMC), respectively.

resultsCompared to NBW, the VLBW children had significantly lower Verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (P = 0.008), Performance IQ (P < 0.001), and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) (P < 0.001). VLBW cohort had significantly lower scores in remote memory (P < 0.001), mental balance (P = 0.001), attention (P = 0.005), visual retention (P < 0.001), and recognition (P = 0.003). VLBW cohort exhibited significantly higher scores on psychopathology (P = 0.036), anxiety (P = 0.034), significantly lower self-concept (P < 0.001) and adjustment scores (P < 0.001) than NBW.

conclusionsVLBW children have significant cognitive, behavioral and adjustment issues as compared to NBW children.

Indexed as

Child BehaviorCognitionInfant, Very Low Birth WeightChildFemaleHumansIndiaInfant, NewbornIntelligenceMaleAdjustmentIQMemoryPsychopathologySelf-concept

Identifiers

PMID40864393

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.