Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864239›Full record

ArticlePediatric surgery international2025

Whole blood transfusion in pediatric trauma patients with traumatic brain injury may decrease the risk of early death.

Robert Painter, Jeffry Nahmias, Peter D Nguyen, Yigit Guner, Laura F Goodman, Patrick M Chen, Jefferson Chen, Tyler Liang, Areg Grigorian

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In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric surgery international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Robert PainterDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Jeffry NahmiasDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Peter D NguyenDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Yigit GunerDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
Laura F GoodmanDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
Patrick M ChenDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Jefferson ChenDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Tyler LiangDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Areg GrigorianDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. agrigori@hs.uci.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThere has been a resurgence in the use of whole blood for trauma resuscitation, however the outcomes for pediatric trauma patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) resuscitated with whole blood are unknown. We hypothesized a lower risk of mortality and complications for pediatric trauma patients with TBI resuscitated with whole blood compared with those resuscitated exclusively with component blood therapy.

methodsThe 2020-2021 TQIP database was queried for pediatric trauma patients (≤ 17 years-old) with TBI requiring blood product resuscitation. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine associated risk of overall and early (within 24 h) mortality and overall complications.

resultsFrom 1740 transfused pediatric trauma patients with TBI, 195 (11%) received whole blood. The whole blood cohort received a similar amount of overall blood products and had similar overall rates of complications and death (all p > 0.05). After adjusting for age, injury severity score, and vitals on arrival, whole blood patients continued to have no difference in risk of complications and overall mortality (both p > 0.05). However, whole blood had decreased associated risk of early mortality (OR 0.49, CI 0.29-0.83, p = 0.008).

conclusionsThis study found only 11% of pediatric trauma patients with TBI received whole blood, however whole blood patients had a lower associated risk of early death compared with component blood therapy. Future prospective research is needed to validate these findings.

Indexed as

Blood TransfusionBrain Injuries, TraumaticResuscitationAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInjury Severity ScoreMaleRetrospective StudiesEarly mortalityPediatric traumaTraumatic brain injuryWhole blood transfusion

Identifiers

PMID40864239
PMCPMC12391162

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.