Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864110›Full record

ReviewTropical medicine and infectious disease2025

Prevalence and Risk of Meningococcal Disease or Carriage During Mass Gatherings and Associated Travel: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mohammed Samannodi, Hassan Alwafi, Jihad Muglan, Abdullah Tawakul, Rami M Algahtani, Hani M Almoallim, Ismail Ahmad Alghamdi, Majed Sameer Obaid, Amar Mohammad A Alkhotani, Aous Sami Hayat Alhazmi and 4 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Mohammed SamannodiDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7937-5387
Hassan AlwafiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
Jihad MuglanDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah TawakulDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
Rami M AlgahtaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8179-8741
Hani M AlmoallimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2582-8317
Ismail Ahmad AlghamdiDepartment of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
Majed Sameer ObaidDepartment of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
Amar Mohammad A AlkhotaniDepartment of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
Aous Sami Hayat AlhazmiMedical Center, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0005-2039-876X
Heba M AdlyDepartment of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9222-9149
Anas A KhanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-5075-7392
Fahad A AlamriGlobal Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed A GaroutDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile efforts have been made to control meningococcal disease or carriage during mass gatherings (MGs), it is still a significant problem. This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of meningitis carriage during MGs and travel. METHODOLOGY: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane were searched from their conception to January 2025. Cohort and cross-sectional studies assessing the prevalence of meningitis carriage and its serotype related to MGs and/or travel, and risk factors associated with its spread, were considered. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for the quality assessment of studies.

resultsOut of 1301 studies, 25 were considered for this meta-analysis. The largest geographic area involved was Saudi Arabia. A meta-analysis of 24 studies identified a pooled prevalence rate of meningococcal disease or carriage of 15.9% (95%CI: 4.45-27.4%) and the most frequent infecting organisms to be Serotype C (13.9%; 95%CI: -14.7 to 42.5; 4 studies) and A (11.5%; 95%CI: -2.13 to 25.2; 9 studies) among those at MGs or traveling. Age, gender, smoking history, and the vaccination status did not affect the infection risk.

conclusionsThere is an increased prevalence of meningococcal disease and carriage, especially Serogroups A and C, associated with MGs and travel. New interventions and methodologies should be undertaken to control and prevent meningococcal disease or carriage transmission during such events.

Indexed as

hajjinfectionmass gatheringmeningococcustravel

Identifiers

PMID40864110
PMCPMC12389967

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.