X Marks the Clot: Evolutionary and Clinical Implications of Divergences in Procoagulant Australian Elapid Snake Venoms.

Holly Morecroft, Christina N Zdenek, Abhinandan Chowdhury, Nathan Dunstan, Chris Hay, Bryan G Fry

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Holly MorecroftAdaptive Biotoxicology Lab, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.

Christina N ZdenekAustralian Reptile Academy, Ripley, QLD 4306, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0385-500X

Abhinandan ChowdhuryAdaptive Biotoxicology Lab, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.

Nathan DunstanVenom Supplies, Tanunda, SA 5352, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9707-7631

Chris HayAustralian Reptile Academy, Ripley, QLD 4306, Australia.

Bryan G FryAdaptive Biotoxicology Lab, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6661-1283

Funding

Australian Research Council DP190100304

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Australian elapid snakes possess potent procoagulant venoms, capable of inducing severe venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) in snakebite victims through rapid activation of the coagulation cascade by converting the FVII and prothrombin zymogens into their active forms. These venoms fall into two mechanistic categories: FXa-only venoms, which hijack host factor Va, and FXa:FVa venoms, containing a complete venom-derived prothrombinase complex. While previous studies have largely focused on human plasma, the ecological and evolutionary drivers behind prey-selective venom efficacy remain understudied. Here, thromboelastography was employed to comparatively evaluate venom coagulotoxicity across prey classes (amphibian, avian, rodent) and human plasma, using a taxonomically diverse selection of Australian snakes. The amphibian-specialist species

Indexed as

Blood CoagulationElapidaeElapid VenomsFactor XAnimalsAustraliaBiological EvolutionHumansThrombelastographyElapid VenomsFactor Xantivenomcoagulopathyevolutionfactor activationvenom

Identifiers

PMID40864093

DOI10.3390/toxins17080417

PMCPMC12390032

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.