Targeting Senescence in Oncology: An Emerging Therapeutic Avenue for Cancer.

Since cancer is often linked to the aging process, the importance of cellular senescence in cancer has come under the spotlight. While senescence in cancer cells can serve as a natural barrier against cancer due to its proliferation arrest, its secretory phenotypes and alterations in the surface proteome can paradoxically promote or suppress tumor progression. Senescent cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells can also contribute to cancer promotion. During therapeutic interventions for cancer, not only their therapeutic effects, but also therapy-induced senescence may have an impact on cancer outcomes. Senotherapeutics, therapy targeting senescent cells, have been reported as novel cancer therapy in recent studies, and the combination of senescence induction and senotherapeutics has been increasingly recognized. Although some clinical trials of senotherapeutic drugs for cancer with or without senescence-inducible therapy are ongoing, there is as yet no satisfactory clinical application. With further research into targeting senescence in oncology, it is expected that senotherapeutics, particularly in combination with senescence-inducing therapy, will become a novel therapeutic strategy.