ArticleRevista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo2025
Spatiotemporal distribution of leptospirosis in the Espirito Santo State, Brazil.
Article in Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease of global relevance, particularly affects populations in socio-environmentally vulnerable regions. In tropical countries such as Brazil, the prevalence of leptospirosis increases significantly during floods, increasing human exposure to contaminated environments. This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and prevalence of confirmed leptospirosis cases in Espirito Santo State, Brazil, from 2020 to 2024. This ecological study used secondary data from the Espirito Santo State Health Department and population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Prevalence rates were calculated by municipality. Kernel density estimation was used to assess spatial clustering. A total of 344 confirmed cases were reported during the study period, with the highest prevalence in the Southern and Metropolitan mesoregions. Most cases occurred in urban areas and predominantly affected economically active men aged 20-59 years. These findings highlight the influence of socio-environmental determinants on leptospirosis distribution and reinforce the importance of geospatial tools in finding high-risk areas and supporting targeted public health strategies.
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