ArticleFrontiers in surgery2025
Impact of nursing robotic assisted surgery education on Kirkpatrick's four levels.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- From Clinical Technique to Interprofessional Implementation and Intelligent Integration: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Interdisciplinary Expansion of Robot-Assisted Spine Surgery.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: As the robotic surgical burden of diseases increases, the development of skilled surgeons and nursing surgery teams is of fundamental importance. The Kirkpatrick Model is a widely recognised evaluation framework that helps educators assess the impact and effectiveness of educational interventions. However, there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of robotic surgical training programmes for nursing teams. The study aimed to develop an organisational improvement model to identify the profile of a nurse expert in Robotic Assisted Surgery (RAS) and to define a suitable training programme according to Kirkpatrick's evaluation levels. The model also aimed to increase the number of active robotic rooms while maintaining the same number of staff. Methods: From January 2023 to December 2024, a single hospital institution developed an organisational improvement project consisting of the following steps:- Identification of the catalogue of competences of the nurse expert in RAS, using the contributions of personnel already active in this field;- Mapping of competences;- Start of a training programme, evaluated according to the Kirkpatrick model;- Remapping of competences at the end of the training;- Gradual increase in the number of active robotic operating theatres by 2024. Results: A total of 58 operating room nurses, including the 15 experienced nurses already on staff, had their competencies mapped. At the end of the training programme, 81% of these nurses had achieved the level of competency required to operate a robotic operating room independently, resulting in an overall increase of 154% in the number of active robotic operating rooms per week. Discussion: Detailed planning of training activities dedicated to existing operating theatre nurses, eliminating the need for additional recruitment, together with periodic monitoring of newly acquired skills, has enabled the number of active robotic operating theatres to increase, significantly impacting the company's organisational model.
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