Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40862148›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025

Dominance of toxigenic

Klaudia Szarek, Natalia Frankowska, Monika Kabała, Wiep Klaas Smits, Dorota Wultańska, Piotr Lalowski, Hanna Pituch, Adam Iwanicki, Krzysztof Hinc, Céline Harmanus and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Molecular epidemiology ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Klaudia Szarek *Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Natalia Frankowska *Division of Molecular Bacteriology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Monika KabałaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Wiep Klaas SmitsLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases and Dutch National Expertise Center for Clostridioides difficile, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Dorota WultańskaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Piotr LalowskiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Hanna PituchDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Adam IwanickiDivision of Molecular Bacteriology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Krzysztof HincDivision of Molecular Bacteriology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Céline HarmanusLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases and Dutch National Expertise Center for Clostridioides difficile, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Ingrid M J G SandersLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases and Dutch National Expertise Center for Clostridioides difficile, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Robert WojtyczkaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Tomasz J WąsikDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Toxigenic strains of Materials and methods: A total of 130 stool samples from patients with confirmed antibiotic-associated diarrhea were tested. Multiplex PCR detected genes for GDH, toxins A/B, binary toxin CDT, and 16S rDNA. Ribotyping was performed by capillary PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested with ETEST for 10 antibiotics. Results: Multiplex PCR confirmed the presence of all toxins (A Conclusion: RT027 remains prevalent among CDI cases in Silesia. The emergence of RT955, closely related to a UK epidemic strain, suggests a possible shared origin and epidemiological link.

Indexed as

Clostridioides difficileClostridioides difficile infectionhealth care-associated CDIhospital-acquired infectionribotypestoxigenic strains

Identifiers

PMID40862148
PMCPMC12376431

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.