Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40862023›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Functional Brain Reorganization After Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) Brain Wave Optimization Gamma (BWO-G) Neuromodulation in Individuals With Chronic Stress Exposure: A Retrospective Case Series With Multimodal Evaluation.

Salvatore Rinaldi, Acary S Oliveira, Valeria Modestto, Arianna Rinaldi, Vania Fontani

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Salvatore RinaldiResearch Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA.
Acary S OliveiraNeurology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, BRA.
Valeria ModesttoResearch Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA.
Arianna RinaldiDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA.
Vania FontaniResearch Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic stress exposure is a widespread and disabling condition that disrupts neurophysiological regulation and affects emotional, cognitive, and somatic domains. In this series, the term "chronic stress exposure" refers to prolonged exposure to psychosocial and occupational stressors that, although not classified as a distinct disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) or International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), can induce persistent dysregulation of brain networks involved in emotion and cognition. Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) Brain Wave Optimization Gamma (BWO-G) is a noninvasive neuromodulation protocol aimed at restoring neural coherence by enhancing subcortical-cortical connectivity. This retrospective case series presents five individuals with exposure to chronic stress who underwent 18 sessions of REAC BWO-G. Pre- and post-treatment evaluations included quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). Across all cases, post-treatment assessments revealed consistent trends of increased power symmetry in delta, theta, and alpha bands, along with frequency shifts and reorganization of dominant cortical activity toward areas associated with emotional regulation and the default mode network. Clinically, all patients reported improvements in emotional stability, sleep quality, and cognitive clarity. These findings support the potential of REAC BWO-G to modulate dysfunctional cortical dynamics associated with chronic stress exposure and highlight the utility of qEEG-based neuroimaging in monitoring therapeutic effects.

Indexed as

bioelectrical activitychronic stressgamma wavesicaneuromodulationneuroplasticityqeegreac bwo-gsloreta

Identifiers

PMID40862023
PMCPMC12377494

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.