ReviewJournal of Cancer2025
Strategies to Overcome PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Resistance: Focusing on Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockades.
Review in Journal of Cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Progress on Biomarkers Associated with Cervical Cancer Caused by HPV Infection.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Real-World Evidence from Romania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- In vitro characterization of a bispecific anti-(PD-1/CTLA-4) single-chain diabody for cancer immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle Strategies for Bone Metastasis Immunotherapy: Targeting, Immune Reprogramming and Combination Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- A bibliometric analysis of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cell cycle dysregulation: a central hub in colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Restoration as a Therapeutic Strategy to Halt Diabetes-Driven Atherosclerosis.Biology · 2025Review
- Leukocyte Ratios Predict Metastasis, Recurrence, and Mortality in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Chemotherapy.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- Dissecting the MAPK signaling landscape in malignant melanoma: from BRAF and NRAS mutations to precision combination therapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Metabolic collusion driving immune evasion in cholangiocarcinoma: unmasking the dual control of the immuno-metabolic microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have made rapid progress in the field of cancer treatment, providing significant therapeutic effects and survival benefits, especially in patients with advanced refractory tumors. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is one of the most widely used ICBs. However, its application is limited by low response rate and drug resistance. It is of great significance to investigate the complex mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance. In this review, we outline some crucial aspects, including lack of effector T cells, lack of target PD-1/PD-L1, poor immunogenicity of tumors, immunosuppressive TME, and other mechanisms (such as metabolism, epigenetic alterations, and gut microbiota). Combination therapy has become a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance. Based on the upregulation of other immune checkpoints after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment, we focus on the combination with other ICBs, including CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, VISTA, and some emerging immune checkpoints, so as to provide evidence for improving the benefit of ICBs in cancers.
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