ArticleCureus2025
Prolonged Effects of COVID-19-Related Behavioral Restrictions on Neonatal Bone Metabolism: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant lifestyle changes, such as reduced outdoor activities, social distancing, and other public health measures. These changes may have affected maternal health and neonatal biochemical parameters linked to bone metabolism. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of pandemic-related behavioral restrictions on neonatal biochemical markers, including calcium, phosphate, magnesium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), measured on the first day of life across three distinct time periods (pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, and post-COVID-19). MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 964 neonates admitted to a Japanese neonatal intensive care unit between 2018 and 2024. Neonates were categorized into three groups: pre-COVID-19 (2018-2020), COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), and post-COVID-19 (2022-2024) periods. Serum biochemical parameters were measured on the first day of life and compared statistically among the groups.
resultsThere were no significant differences in gestational age and birth weight among the three groups. Serum phosphate levels demonstrated a significant, stepwise increase across the periods (pre-COVID-19: 5.4 (4.8-5.9) mg/dL, COVID-19 pandemic: 5.6 (5.0-6.1) mg/dL, post-COVID-19: 5.7 (5.2-6.4) mg/dL; p<0.01). Magnesium levels significantly decreased in the post-COVID-19 period (pre-COVID-19: 2.05 (1.9-2.3) mg/dL, post-COVID-19: 1.90 (1.8-2.2) mg/dL; p<0.01). No significant changes were observed in calcium, iPTH, or ALP levels.
conclusionsPandemic-related lifestyle changes caused significant and persistent alterations in neonatal phosphate and magnesium metabolism, necessitating continuous monitoring and preventive strategies to address long-term health impacts.
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