ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2025
Epidemiological characteristics and pathogen profiles of non-
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy pose significant health risks for both mother and fetus. While Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent, non-Escherichia coli gram-negative bacteria also contribute to UTIs, with their specific prevalence and characteristics in pregnant women needing further elucidation, particularly in local contexts. This study aimed to identify gram-negative non-Escherichia coli bacteria causing UTIs in pregnant women and to determine their epidemiological characteristics in Makassar, Indonesia. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, from July to August 2024. The study utilized 38 non-Escherichia coli bacterial isolates from urine cultures of pregnant women diagnosed with UTIs at various community health centers. After re-culturing on MacConkey Agar, bacterial identification was performed using the API 20e system. Epidemiological data were collected from medical records and questionnaires. Results: among 38 non-Escherichia coli isolates, Enterobacter cloacae was most prevalent (34.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae spp. Pneumoniae (23.7%). Most isolates (76.3%) were lactose fermenters. Epidemiologically, the 25-34 age group dominated (71.0%), with the highest UTI incidence in first pregnancies (47.4%) and the second trimester (44.7%). Significantly, 97.4% of pregnant women with UTI symptoms did not seek treatment. Conclusion: Enterobacter cloacae is the most common non-Escherichia coli gram-negative UTI bacterium in this Makassar cohort. Key epidemiological characteristics were elucidated, revealing a substantial proportion of women not seeking treatment for UTI symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of local surveillance and targeted health education interventions for pregnant women regarding UTI management.
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