SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta analysis of clinical outcomes.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Review
- Immunotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: from Tumor Biology to Biomarker-Guided Strategies.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Glycomics of the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment: Technologies, Glyco-Immune Checkpoints, and Tumor-Immune Communication.Advanced biology · 2026Review
- Rethinking PDAC: from immunological silence to therapeutic opportunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting stroma-mediated T-cell exclusion and functional exhaustion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through CXCR4 and PD-1 blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Research progress on the influence of tumor microenvironment on immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, with poor outcomes despite therapeutic advancements. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer care, but their efficacy in PDAC is limited due to the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment. Methods: We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed clinical outcomes of ICI therapy in PDAC using studies from PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, published up to February 28, 2024. Eligible studies reported objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), or overall survival (OS). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I. Random-effects models estimated pooled effect sizes. Results: Fifty-four studies ( Conclusion: ICIs combined with chemotherapy may modestly improve survival in PDAC. Outcomes remain heterogeneous and limited, underscoring the need for better biomarker-driven patient selection and more effective combination strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.