ArticlePeerJ2025
Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and hematological parameters in hospitalized pre-vaccination COVID-19 patients in Peru.
Article in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in health systems and revealed variations in immune responses across populations worldwide. This study examined the kinetics of IgG and IgM antibodies against S1 and receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins in hospitalized Peruvian patients prior to vaccination. Method: A total of 157 serological samples were collected from 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients during Peru's first wave (August-October 2020) and stored at -80 °C. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were quantified using an in-house ELISA with recombinant Spike S1 and RBD proteins. Statistical analyses-including linear regression, Kaplan-Meier curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves-were conducted to evaluate antibody kinetics, clinical correlations, and predictive accuracy. Results: IgG levels stabilized between days 10 and 15 of hospitalization, while IgM levels declined after day 10, with greater variability observed in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) cases. A significant positive correlation was found between IgG levels and lymphocyte counts (
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