ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Core signature of rejection-associated cytokines and chemokines in endomyocardial biopsies after heart transplantation.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Rejection remains a limiting factor for survival after heart transplantation (HTx), and predictive biomarkers are still missing. Therefore, we aimed to define the cytokine/chemokine microenvironment in endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) and plasma after HTx and to identify patterns that reflect ischemia/reperfusion injury as well as allograft rejection. Therefore, we hypothesize distinct cytokine/chemokine patterns in heart biopsies with histopathologically proven rejection compared with the microenvironment in unsuspicious biopsies. Methods: EMB ( Results: Regarding rejection status, distinct cytokine/chemokine patterns were identified with significantly higher concentrations of CCL4, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in EMB with acute rejection ( Conclusion: A core signature was defined for EMB with histopathologically proven AR, consisting of high concentrations of CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL4. This EMB chemokine signature was clearly distinct from plasma samples, arguing for a local protein microenvironment associated with AR. Further research is also needed with the help of AI to translate the different approaches for the detection and prediction of AR into clinical practice.
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