Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40860139›Full record

ReviewTheranostics2025

Engineered upconversion nanoparticles for breast cancer theranostics.

Shijing Wang, Lei Zhang, Minghao Wang, Xiumei Yin, Xinyao Dong, Xingyu Wu, Weijie Li, Wen Xu, Xiaoyun Mao

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Theranostics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Shijing WangDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, China.
Lei ZhangDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, China.
Minghao WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, China.
Xiumei YinKey Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, China.
Xinyao DongKey Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, China.
Xingyu WuKey Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, China.
Weijie LiKey Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, China.
Wen XuKey Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, China.
Xiaoyun MaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, posing a significant threat to public health. Rare earth (RE)-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have emerged as a promising nanoplatform for BC management, owing to their exceptional photophysical properties and design flexibility. Unlike conventional fluorescent probes, engineered UCNPs absorb near-infrared (NIR) light, enabling deep tissue penetration while mitigating tissue damage and spontaneous fluorescence interference. Furthermore, through core-shell structure engineering and functionalization, multiple diagnostic and therapeutic modules can be integrated within a single NP, enabling theranostic applications for BC. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in engineered UCNPs for BC theranostics. It begins by introducing the luminescence mechanisms, controllable synthesis methods, and surface modification strategies of UCNPs. Next, it explores the fundamental biological effects of UCNPs, including biodistribution, metabolic pathways, and biotoxicity. Subsequently, we systematically review applications of engineered UCNPs in BC molecular imaging, biomarker detection, phototherapy, smart drug/gene delivery, and immunotherapy. Finally, current challenges and clinical translation prospects of UCNPs are discussed.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsNanoparticlesTheranostic NanomedicineAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansImmunotherapyMetals, Rare EarthPhototherapyMetals, Rare Earthbiomarker detectionbreast cancerdeliveryimmunotherapymolecular imagingphototherapytheranosticsupconversion nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID40860139
PMCPMC12374582

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.