ArticleRSC advances2025
Extraction of saponins from soapnut and their application in controlling ammonia and particulate matter.
Article in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Separation of saponins from quinoa bran by a novel single-column three-stage foam fractionation technology.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into efficient catechol removal using saponin-based emulsion liquid membrane.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synthetic surfactants have been associated with environmental concerns, requiring their replacement with natural alternatives such as saponins. In this study, saponin extraction from soapnut was optimized using the reflux method through the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM). Foams generated from the saponin solution were evaluated for effectiveness in ammonia and particulate matter (PM) removal, along with foam characteristic analysis. The optimized saponin extraction yielded 30.18% saponin, exceeding the yields achieved through conventional methods. The extracted saponin exhibited enhanced foamability with increasing concentrations, leading to an expanded surface area that facilitated the removal ammonia and PM removal through foam-based adsorption. Ammonia removal was further improved as the foamability and stability of surfactant foams increased at saponin concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) under neutral pH conditions. The comparable PM removal efficiency of saponin-based foams to that of synthetic surfactants underscores their potential as an effective and environmentally sustainable solution for air pollution control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.