ReviewRSC advances2025
Phenotypic and targeted drug discovery in immune therapeutics: challenges, opportunities, and future directions.
Review in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trichomonas vaginalis Drug Targets and Their Role in Drug Discovery and Development.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Plying potency assays for immunotherapy of solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of immune therapeutics has revolutionized modern medicine, particularly in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Historically, drug discovery has been guided by two main strategies: phenotypic and target-based approaches. While phenotypic screening has led to the identification of first-in-class therapies, targeted drug discovery has enabled rational drug design based on molecular mechanisms, enhancing precision and therapeutic efficacy. The integration of phenotypic and targeted approaches has been accelerated by advancements in computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and multi-omics technologies, and is reshaping drug discovery pipelines. Herein, key examples of immunomodulatory drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and small-molecule modulators, are employed to highlight their discovery pathways and mechanisms of action. We also examine emerging hybrid approaches that connect functional and mechanistic insights to accelerate therapeutic development. Leveraging both paradigms, future immune drug discovery will depend on adaptive, integrated workflows that enhance efficacy and overcome resistance.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.