Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40860011›Full record

ArticleBrain communications2025

Paired blood and brain tissue methylation biomarkers in focal cortical dysplasia.

Ishant Khurana, Jean Khoury, Robyn M Busch, Ingmar Blümcke, Imad Najm, Assam El-Osta

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ishant KhuranaBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Jean KhouryEpilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Robyn M BuschEpilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-4912
Ingmar BlümckeInstitute of Neuropathology, University Hospitals Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-0788
Imad NajmEpilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Assam El-OstaBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy. These abnormalities arise during embryonic development and are challenging to classify due to their complex nature. The most recent classification update of FCD incorporates genetic and epigenetic results with other clinical data for the management of epilepsy associated with these lesions. Mutations in the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway have been described in subtypes IIa and IIb of FCD. In this study, we aimed to study brain DNA methylation in human FCD samples and determine whether blood DNA methylation reflects epigenetic changes observed in brain tissue. We studied genome-wide methylation in 21 brain tissue samples (FCD;

Indexed as

DNA methylationepilepsyfocal cortical dysplasiageneticsmalformation of cortical development

Identifiers

PMID40860011
PMCPMC12371190

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.