ArticlePublic health nutrition2025
Determinants of food insecurity in homeless people: evidence from the territory-wide homeless census in Hong Kong.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWith the re-emerging homelessness issue in Hong Kong, given its least affordable housing, securing food to meet the basic physiological needs is of priority concern for the homeless. This study aims to examine the situation and determinants of food insecurity among the homeless in Hong Kong.
designCross-sectional survey on food insecurity level, socio-demographic characteristics, homeless experiences and health status and behaviours.
setting360 community hot spots of homeless people identified by NGO and experienced social workers in different districts of Hong Kong in 2021.
participants711 individuals experiencing homelessness.
resultsThe observed prevalence of low, medium and high food insecurity levels was 37·4 %, 20·4 % and 42·2 %, respectively. Results from multivariable ordinal logistic regression showed that older, female, non-Chinese and non-married respondents were inversely associated with food insecurity, whereas having sufficient savings for more proper housing was the primary determinant among socio-economic indicators. In addition to reasons for homelessness, risk factors of food insecurity included living in guesthouses/hotels and difficulties due to government measures on homeless control. Except for disability, both self-rated physical and mental health statuses showed dose-response relationships with food insecurity level.
conclusionsThe substantial individual variations in socio-demographic statuses, homeless experiences and health deficits shaped the differential risks of food insecurity within the homeless community in Hong Kong. Targeted homeless programmes should go beyond the conventionally vulnerable groups but consider the multifaceted nature of homeless experiences in relation to food access and integrate health assessments to holistically support the homeless.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.