Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40859786›Full record

Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Social determinants of health and progression to cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity and mortality in people with prediabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Rong Hua, Aimin Yang, Le Gao, Elaine Chow, Wenjing Ji, Yin Ting Cheung

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rong HuaSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0009-0009-2473-9487
Aimin YangDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2968-1762
Le GaoDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9349-6599
Elaine ChowDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4147-3387
Wenjing JiDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Yin Ting CheungSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9874-8938

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsSocial determinants of health (SDHs) have been increasingly recognised as upstream drivers of preventable health disparities. However, it is unclear what the role of SDHs is in the whole progression of prediabetes. We aimed to delineate the impact of SDHs on the progression from prediabetes to subsequent cardio-renal-metabolic disease (CRMD), cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) and mortality. MATERIALS AND

methods37 098 participants with prediabetes and free of any CRMD (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. A combined SDH score was assessed by a sum of 17 items including financial, education, healthcare, neighbourhood, and social domains, and was categorised into favourable, medium, and unfavourable groups by tertile. Outcomes included first CRMD, CRMM (the coexistence of at least two CRMDs) and death during follow-up. Five transition paths were considered, and multistate models were performed.

resultsCompared with the favourable SDH group, the unfavourable SDH group consistently showed elevated risks for different transition stages, except for the CRMM-to-death transition. Lifestyle partially mediated the associations, while the mediation proportions at each stage explained less than 20%. Among disease-specific associations, unfavourable SDHs disproportionally increased the risks of three CRMDs, with the highest risk observed for the CKD-to-death transition (hazard ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-4.26).

conclusionsUnfavourable SDHs were associated with increased risks of progression from prediabetes. Resource allocation and lifestyle promotion should be prioritised for those with unfavourable SDHs to mitigate disparities in progression to CRMM and death in diabetes care, especially in the early disease stage.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Prediabetic StateRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSocial Determinants of HealthAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMaleMetabolic DiseasesMiddle AgedMultimorbidityProspective Studiescardiovascular diseasecohort studydiabetes complicationstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40859786
PMCPMC12515768

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.