ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Chemokine Analysis in Dogs With Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin or Idiopathic Epilepsy.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnosis and treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with isolated central nervous system involvement: A case report.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Chemokine Analysis in Dogs With Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin or Idiopathic Epilepsy.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrent diagnosis of brain disease in dogs is dependent on imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, including total nucleated cell counts and albumin concentrations. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo determine whether multiplex cytokine/chemokine (Ct/Cm) analysis can differentiate among dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUE), idiopathic epilepsy (IE), and brain neoplasia. ANIMALS: Client owned dogs diagnosed with brain disease with MRI and CSF diagnostics. Groups included 18 dogs with a diagnosis of MUE, 21 dogs with IE, and 7 dogs with brain tumors.
methodsA retrospective observational study; a multiplex immunoassay was utilized to measure CSF concentrations for the following: Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-18, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)-like protein, IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).
resultsSeveral Ct/Cm were detected only in MUE cases: GM-CSF (9/18), IFN-γ (13/18), IL-2 (8/18), IL-15 (4/18), and TNF-α (11/18). Other Ct/Cm concentrations were significantly higher in MUE cases (IL-8: median 101 pg/mL, range 144, p = 0.019; IL-18: median 3 pg/mL, range 0.52, p < 0.001; MCP-1: median 814 pg/mL, range 1319, p = 0.004; and IL-6: median 5 pg/mL, range 16, p < 0.001) compared to epilepsy and neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-2, and IL-15 might be specific markers of MUE in canine CSF and could be potentially useful biomarkers in the diagnosis of MUE.
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