Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025
Multimodal assessment of a BCI system for stroke rehabilitation integrating motor imagery and motor attempts: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative Effectiveness of Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interface-Based Interventions for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Poststroke Hemiplegia: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of BCI-based lower limb robots on lower limb function and cognition in stroke patients: a preliminary systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Brain-computer interface for post-stroke upper-limb recovery: a systematic review integrating clinical efficacy with neuroplasticity evidence.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for post-stroke upper limb motor dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and adverse events in patients with early stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- From Signal Stacking to Dynamic Coupling: A Critical Review of Wearable EEG-EMG Fusion Brain-Computer Interfaces for Stroke Rehabilitation.Micromachines · 2026Review
- An integrated investigation of systemic and localized pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke and multimodal therapeutic strategies.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- The Effectiveness of Cognitive Training Using Electroencephalography in Acute Stroke Cases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Rewiring Attention: Virtual Reality and Brain-Computer Interfaces in the Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial Neglect.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Comparative efficacy and mechanistic insights of non-invasive neuromodulation and motor rehabilitation on functional reorganization of the supplementary motor area in subacute stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Closed-loop brain-computer interfaces for post-stroke sensorimotor loop restoration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Advances in mechanisms of neuroplasticity induced by multimodal closed-loop brain-computer interfaces after stroke.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Synergistic effects of action observation and object affordance on cortical excitability during BCI-triggered motor imagery in stroke: a randomized, within-subject, 2 × 2 factorial study protocol.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Current status and future prospects of brain-computer interfaces in the field of neurological disease rehabilitation.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBrain-computer interface (BCI) technology based on motor imagery (MI) or motor attempt (MA) has shown promise in enhancing motor function recovery in stroke patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BCI-based rehabilitation in improving motor function through multimodal assessment, and to explore the potential neuroplastic changes resulting from this intervention.
methodsWe conducted a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial with multimodal assessment to evaluate the efficacy of a BCI system for enhancing motor recovery. A total of 48 ischemic stroke patients completed the study (25 BCI, 23 control). The BCI group used an 8-electrode electroencephalogram (EEG) system, a virtual reality training module, and a rehabilitation training robot for real-time motor intention-based feedback. The control group used identical BCI devices but without displaying real-time data and feedback. Participants underwent 20-minute upper and lower limb training sessions for two weeks. Motor function (Fugl-Meyer Extremity scale), electromyography (EMG), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were assessed pre- and post-intervention.
resultsThe BCI group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in upper extremity motor function compared to the control group (ΔFMA-UE: 4.0 vs. 2.0, p = 0.046). EEG results of the BCI group showed a significant decrease in both DAR (p = 0.031) and DABR (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. EMG analysis revealed that BCI treatment resulted in significant increases in deltoid and bicipital muscle activity during both shoulder and elbow flexion movements compared to baseline (p < 0.01). fNIRS results indicated enhanced functional connectivity and activation in key motor-related brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and primary motor cortex in the BCI group.
conclusionBCI-based rehabilitation using an attention-motor dual-task paradigm significantly improved upper limb motor function and enhanced motor and cognitive network activity in stroke patients. Multimodal assessment supports the potential of BCI rehabilitation as an effective tool for leveraging neuroplasticity and promoting motor recovery.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.