Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40859268›Full record

Observational studyBMC medicine2025

The causal effects of remnant cholesterol on increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in East Asians.

Chenhao Lin, Haolong Wen, Mengyao Yu, Qingxia Huang, Qi Wang, Jinran Lin, Wenjun Yang, Jennifer Ming Jen Wong, Mingfeng Xia, Huiru Tang and 6 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Chenhao Lin *State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Haolong Wen *State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Mengyao Yu *Human Phenome Institute, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qingxia HuangState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qi WangState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jinran LinState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Wenjun YangState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jennifer Ming Jen WongDepartment of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China.
Mingfeng XiaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Huiru TangState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Li JinState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sijia WangCAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Xiaofeng WangState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuxiang DaiDepartment of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China. dai.yuxiang@hotmail.com.
Guo-Chong ChenDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. gcchen@suda.edu.cn.
Yan ZhengState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yan_zheng@fudan.edu.cn.

Funding

Grant of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission 2022JC012National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC3400700Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader 22XD1423300Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project 2023SHZDZX02Shanghai Oriental Youth Elite Talents Program QNZH2024009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRemnant cholesterol (RC) has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in populations of European ancestry, yet its causal role remains underexplored in populations of East Asian ancestry, which are underrepresented in genetic studies. We sought to investigate the causal association between circulating RC levels and CVD risk in East Asian populations.

methodsWe first conducted observational analyses of RC and multiple CVD outcomes in Chinese populations. We then conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of RC in 14,939 Chinese individuals and assessed its causal associations with CVD risk using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with Biobank Japan data. Replication analyses in European ancestry populations utilized summary statistics from the UK Biobank and FinnGen.

resultsCirculating RC levels were significantly associated with multiple CVD outcomes in Chinese individuals. Our GWAS identified seven significant loci associated with circulating RC levels in the Chinese population. In the MR analyses, we found that genetically predicted higher RC levels were significantly associated with increased risks of aortic aneurysm (odds ratio per standard deviation increase, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.53-2.17; P = 1.17 × 10

conclusionsOur findings establish RC as an independent causal CVD risk factor in East Asian ancestry individuals and highlight population-specific differences in CVD risk profiles, emphasizing the need for ethnicity-tailored prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterolAgedChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsCholesterolCardiovascular diseasesGenome-wide association studyMendelian randomizationRemnant cholesterol

Identifiers

PMID40859268
PMCPMC12382207

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.