Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40859194›Full record

SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Gestational reactive hypoglycaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Muhammad Pradhiki Mahindra, Michelle Jie, Muhammad Pradhika Mapindra, Sana Rehman, Owen Vaughan, Sara Hillman, Anna L David, Dimitrios Siassakos

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Muhammad Pradhiki MahindraEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK. muhammad.mahindra.21@ucl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7521-9221
Michelle JieDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. George's University Hospital, London, UK.
Muhammad Pradhika MapindraEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Sana RehmanEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Owen VaughanEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Sara HillmanEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Anna L DavidEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Dimitrios SiassakosEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundReactive hypoglycaemia is a condition where blood glucose drops after a glucose load, and may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between gestational reactive hypoglycaemia (GRH) and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including those related to diabetes.

methodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching 4 databases: Medline, Embase, Web of science, and Maternity & infant care database, from inception to 1 December 2023. The outcomes of interest were any reported adverse pregnancy outcomes including large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, small for gestational age (SGA), fetal growth restriction (FGR), low birth weight (LBW), caesarean delivery, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal hypoglycaemia, polyhydramnios, 5-min APGAR score < 7 and preterm delivery. Risk of bias assessment was performed with Newcastle Ottawa scale. Subgroup analysis was also performed.

resultsFrom 14,746 records, 42 studies were selected for full-text assessment. Thirty studies reporting on 114,148 participants, including 18,878 women with GRH, fulfilled eligibility criteria. Pregnancies with observed GRH had higher risk of SGA (RR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.33, 1.68), LBW (RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.13, 1.60), FGR (RR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.05, 1.41), and NICU admission (RR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.02, 1.49) compared to the euglycaemic group. At subgroup analyses, GRH diagnosed at postload glucose < 3 mmol/l was associated with an increased risk of NICU admission (RR = 3.39, 95%CI = 1.56, 7.34); and GRH limited to post glucose tolerance test (GTT) was associated with increased risk of polyhydramnios (RR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.17, 3.20) and SGA (RR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.01, 3.58).

conclusionsGRH is a condition not routinely diagnosed in pregnancy but associated with adverse fetal-neonatal outcomes as SGA, FGR, and NICU admission. At GTT, GRH is associated with the risk of polyhydramnios. More studies are still necessary to determine the threshold value for diagnosis of GRH and explore associations with other outcomes related to glucose dysmetabolism.

Indexed as

HypoglycemiaPregnancy ComplicationsPregnancy OutcomeCesarean SectionFemaleFetal Growth RetardationFetal MacrosomiaHumansInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgePregnancyGestational diabetes mellitusGestational reactive hypoglycaemiaLow birth weightPregnancy outcomesSmall for gestational age.

Identifiers

PMID40859194
PMCPMC12379322

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.