ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025
Global burden of peripheral arterial disease and its risk factors, 1990-2021.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Accelerated biological aging, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of peripheral arterial disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Trends and racial-geographic disparities in mortality among US older adults with peripheral artery disease, 1999 to 2020.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Article
- Treatment with Sildenafil Promotes Angiogenesis and Modulates Immune Response in Ischemic Muscle Tissue.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Changes in Systemic Inflammatory Marker Levels Following Percutaneous Revascularisation of Lower Extremity Arteries.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Burden trends and disparities of metabolic risk-attributable peripheral arterial disease in China (1990-2035): a comparative analysis with G20 countries.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Global Burden, Attributable Risk Factors, and Future Projections of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease Among Postmenopausal Women.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundLower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic condition affecting the peripheral vasculature, resulting in arterial stenosis or occlusion in the lower limbs. The focus is on understanding the epidemiology of this often-overlooked and debilitating disease.
methodsData on PAD were retrieved from the GBD 2021. To assess the burden of PAD, we measured prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths, along with their age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years.
resultsIn 2021, the global incidence of PAD cases was 10.0 million (95% UI: 8.7 to 11.1), with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 115.4 per 100,000 person-years (95% UI: 100.0 to 132.7). This decreased by 11.3% (95% UI: -11.2 to -11.4) from 1990 to 2021. The global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for PAD in 2021 totaled 1.6 million (95% UI: 1.3 to 2.1), with an age-standardized DALYs rate of 18.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% UI: 15.2 to 24.2), reflecting a reduction of 30.1% (95% UI: -31.8 to -28.3) from 1990. The ASIR increased with age, peaking among female aged 75-79 years, with 1015.8 per 100,000 person-years (95% UI: 686.9 to 1425.0) and male aged 95 + . The age-standardized DALYs rate showed minimal variation when the Sociodemographic Index was below 0.6. However, once the SDI exceeded 0.6, a reversed U-shaped relationship emerged. Behavioral and metabolic risks were identified as significant independent risk factors for PAD. By 2050, the global DALYs due to PAD are projected to reach 3.4 million (95% UI: 2.5 to 4.5), and improvements in these risks could reduce DALY counts by 36.6% (95% UI: -36.7 to -36.3).
conclusionsThe burden of PAD remains heavy in 2021. The disease is disproportionately diagnosed in females and older adults, highlighting the need for increased awareness and targeted interventions in these populations.
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