ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2025
Environmental and health impacts of pharmaceuticals in radish crops irrigated with reclaimed water.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Environmental Risks of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Elements: Occurrence, Fate, and Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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3 authors.
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Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for crop irrigation can be an important route for pharmaceutical introduction into the food chain. This work aims to investigate the crop uptake, accumulation and translocation of 11 representative pharmaceuticals in radish crop through two realistic agricultural growing conditions (highland and fall radish). For this, radish crops were irrigated with three reclaimed water qualities: (i) WWTP effluent (named real effluent, RE), (ii) RE fortified with 5 µg/L of pharmaceuticals (named higher concentration, HC) and (iii) RE fortified with a concentration of pharmaceuticals 10 times lower than HC (0.5 µg/L, named medium concentration, MC). Results revealed that the pharmaceutical concentration in irrigation water does not play a role in radish quality. However, phytotoxic effects could appear at concentrations above 100 µg/L. A clear relation between irrigation water quality and uptake was obtained (RE < MC < HC). Pharmaceutical concentrations in radish leaves were higher than in roots in all cases. However, the total distribution percentages in radish tissues and soil were directly dependent on the environmental growing conditions (mainly attributed to evapotranspiration rates, ET). Octanol-water partition coefficient (log K
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