Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40859060›Full record

ArticleNature food2025

Rebound effects may undermine the benefits of upcycling food waste and food processing by-products as animal feed in China.

Weitong Long, Xueqin Zhu, Hans-Peter Weikard, Oene Oenema, Yong Hou

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature food, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Weitong LongEnvironmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-1697
Xueqin ZhuEnvironmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. xueqin.zhu@wur.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-1090
Hans-Peter WeikardEnvironmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5209-9845
Oene OenemaCollege of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-7504
Yong HouCollege of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. yonghou@cau.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-4295

Funding

China Scholarship Council (CSC) 201913043National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32272814
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Upcycling food waste and food processing by-products as animal feed could reduce livestock-related emissions, but rebound effects, where lower feed costs lead to livestock expansion, may diminish these benefits. Here, using an integrated environmental-economic model, we assess the impacts of this upcycling in China's monogastric livestock production. We find that upcycling increases monogastric livestock production by 23-36% and raises total acidification emissions in China by 2.5-4.0%, while domestically total greenhouse gas emissions decrease by 0.5-1.4% through less waste sent to landfill and incinerators and a contraction in non-food production. This upcycling enhances food security and has substantial knock-on effects beyond the agricultural sectors, through influencing sectoral employment, gross domestic product and household welfare. Although emission taxes could absorb the rebound effects on emissions, they may also negatively impact food security and shift emissions abroad, depending on tax levels.

Indexed as

Animal FeedFood HandlingAnimalsChinaFood Loss and WasteGreenhouse GasesLivestockModels, EconomicFood Loss and WasteGreenhouse Gases

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.