ArticleCardiovascular and interventional radiology2026
Impact of Tumor Size on Outcomes of Hepatic Arteriography and C-Arm CT-Guided Ablation (HepACAGA): > 3 cm Is No Absolute Contraindication.
Article in Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Effectiveness of Real-Time CT/MRI-US Fusion Imaging in Thermal Ablation of Ultrasonographically Inconspicuous Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Is There a Role for Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Thermal Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?Cancers · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeA tumor diameter > 3 cm is considered a relative contraindication for thermal ablation due to a significant risk of post-ablation recurrence. However, current advanced ablation techniques might allow for successful ablation of larger tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tumor size on outcomes of Hepatic Arteriography and C-Arm CT-Guided Ablation (HepACAGA).
methodsPatients treated with HepACAGA for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) between January 2021 and June 2025 were analyzed. All ablations were performed with microwave ablation. Patients were stratified by tumor size: ≤ 2 cm, 2-3 cm, and 3-5 cm. Outcomes assessed included local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS), local tumor progression (LTP) rate, and complications.
resultsA total of 137 consecutive patients with 265 tumors (152 HCC and 113 CRLM) were included: 187 tumors ≤ 2 cm, 52 tumors 2-3 cm, and 26 tumors 3-5 cm. The 1-year LTPFS was most favorable for tumors ≤ 2 cm (96%; 95% CI: 93-99), followed by 2-3 cm (93%; 95% CI: 85-100), and 3-5 cm (90%; 95% CI: 78-100). No significant differences in LTPFS were found (p = 0.580). Overall, LTP occurred in 5% of tumors. Secondary LTP rates were 3% for tumors ≤ 2 cm and 4% for both tumors 2-3 cm and 3-5 cm (p = 0.966). Complication rates were 4% for tumors ≤ 2 cm, 6% for tumors 2-3 cm, and 13% for tumors 3-5 cm (p = 0.236).
conclusionHepACAGA proved to be effective and safe for treating patients with HCC and CRLM across a broad range of tumor sizes. These findings suggest that intermediate-sized tumors (3-5 cm) could be eligible for thermal ablation without compromising post-ablation recurrence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.