Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40858765›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2025

A latent measure of cultural racism and its association with US mortality and life expectancy.

Tomi Akinyemiju, Oyomoare L Osazuwa-Peters, Tyson H Brown, Jude Ramos, Shaun Jones, Lauren E Wilson, Nancy Krieger

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tomi AkinyemijuDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. tomi.akinyemiju@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1412-3234
Oyomoare L Osazuwa-PetersDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-657X
Tyson H BrownDepartment of Sociology and Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Jude RamosDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Shaun JonesDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1199-6336
Lauren E WilsonDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Nancy KriegerDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947

Funding

Systemic Racism and Biological Embodiment of Risk in Breast Cancer MortalityR01CA263770 · NCI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI AKINYEMIJU, TOMI F · 2022 to 2025
$4.0M
Cancer Control Education ProgramT32CA057726 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Melissa B Gilkey, Melissa A. Troester · 2017 to 2026
$3.7M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA263770NCI NIH HHS T32 CA057726U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NCI | Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics) R01 CA263770-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The US social context is characterized by systemic racism, a key driver of racial disparities. While structural and interpersonal racism are well-established components of systemic racism, cultural racism-a system of beliefs (ideology) and societal way of life (culture)-has been less robustly described and currently lacks a validated measure. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis on nine key indicators to define a cultural racism latent measure. In an analysis of US mortality data between 2018 and 2021 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's WONDER system, each unit increase in the cultural racism factor was associated with ~136 (95% confidence interval, 90 to 182) all-cause deaths per 100,000 and a one-year decline in life expectancy (~-1 (-2 to -1)); these associations were consistent for both Black and white adults. The cultural racism factor substantially advances the science of racism and health and provides an empirical basis for efforts to address US health inequities.

Indexed as

Life ExpectancyMortalityRacismSystemic RacismAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesWhite

Identifiers

PMID40858765
PMCPMC12727496

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.