ArticleScientific reports2025
Anisotropic Lorentz force effects on the Marangoni convection in liquid metal systems for fusion applications.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study investigates Marangoni convection in a liquid metal-filled cubic cavity, relevant to fusion reactor plasma-facing components, using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations with a self-developed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code. The effects of magnetic field strength (Hartmann number, Ha = 0-200) and orientation (x, y, z directions) are analyzed at a fixed Reynolds number (Re = 100,000). Strong magnetic fields suppress convection, with the x and y directions exhibiting greater suppression than the z direction. Lorentz forces in the x-direction minimally affect surface flow while suppressing core motion, whereas in the y-direction, they significantly reduce surface velocity, leading to an M-shaped velocity profile. In contrast, a z-directional field induces a non-monotonic heat transfer efficiency, enhancing the Nusselt number at low strengths (Ha < 30) by augmenting Hartmann layer flow and suppressing it at higher strengths (Ha = 200) due to flow inhibition. These findings reveal distinct flow structure variations driven by anisotropic Lorentz force effects, providing critical insights for optimizing liquid metal applications in magnetic confinement fusion systems.
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